HOLOCAUST MEMORIAL DAY
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HOLOCAUST MEMORIAL DAY
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Dunoon Grammar School held a special assembly today (Friday) to mark Holocaust Memorial Day. The anniversary of the liberation of the most infamous Nazi death camp was chosen as a day to let horrors of the past teach us about the present and the future.
Holocaust survivor Eva Shrewsbury (who now lives in Tighnabruaich) spoke to the school and gave her account of her wartime experiences.
As voices of hate still echo in Britain, in Scotland - in Cowal - we look at one wartime survivor’s story.
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THE Polish town of Oswiecim had a fairly nondescript history.
Founded by Germans in 1270 the settlement was sold to Polish King Casimir IV in 1457.
Border disputes between Germany, Bohemia, Poland and Hungary saw the small provincial town change hands several times.
In 1939 the Nazis invaded Poland, signaling the start of World War II. They re-named the sleepy town Auschwitz – and guaranteed it a grim place in history.
The Reich established a transit camp for enslaved Polish labourers on the outskirts of the town.
As the Nazi programme of mass murder of Jews – the ‘final solution’ – was implemented the camp was expanded.
In the years since the war the name Auschwitz has become virtually synonymous with unrestrained tyranny, the power of terror - and the systematic murder of millions of human beings.
One survivor of the horror of Auschwitz is Lilly Elbert, prisoner number A10572. The numbers tattooed on her left arm are fading, but will never disappear.
Neither will the terrible memories of the day the doors of the packed cattle truck slid open and Lilly realised she was at Auschwitz.
Today, Mrs Ebert is determined that the world never forgets what happened at the largest Nazi death camp, where 1.1 million people lost their lives.
“We talk about our story because something like that should never, ever happen again,” said Mrs Ebert, now a great grandmother living in Golders Green, London.
“One thing the world has to know is that it makes no difference what colour you are, what nationality.”
Now 81, she was 14 when she was taken from the Hungarian town of Bonyhad with her mother, brother and three sisters to Auschwitz. It was July, 1944.
Lilly, Renee and Piri went right. Her mother Nina, brother Bela and sister Berta went left. She never saw them again.
“When we arrived in Auschwitz-Birkenau they opened the doors of the trucks,” she said.
“We were half-dead but we had to quickly stand five in a row. There was a man with a stick in his hand. It was Dr Mengele. At this time I didn't know who he was but I later found out.”
Dr Josef Mengele was a physician at Auschwitz who became known as the Angel of Death for his brutal and inhumane experiments on inmates.
Mrs Ebert continues: “With one movement of his hand he sent the people right or left — to life or death. The people who were sent to the left were taken immediately to the crematorium.”
Mrs Ebert has spent many of her later years telling her story.
Many survivors stayed silent for years, not wanting their families to know the extent of the horrors they had experienced. It was a taboo subject – as if survivors were ashamed of their ordeal.
Mrs Ebert and her sisters were sent to work, but were fed so little that they almost starved to death.
“The aim was that no one should survive,” she says. “The aim was not that after 67 years I would be here to tell this story.”
Mrs Ebert continues: “When we came out from the shower, our hair was cut and our belongings taken away. They left us with only our shoes. We saw a fire in the chimneys, and a terrible smell.
"We asked people who were already there. They told us it was not a factory. They said it was our parents and brothers and sisters who were being burned.”
In mid-January 1945, the war all but lost, the SS began evacuating Auschwitz and its satellite camps. Soviet troops were approaching. Nearly 60,000 prisoners were forced to march west from the Auschwitz camp system. Thousands had been killed in the camps in the days before these death marches began. SS guards shot anyone who fell behind or could not continue. More than 15,000 died during the marches from Auschwitz.
On January 27, 1945, the Soviet army entered Auschwitz and liberated more than 7,000 remaining prisoners, who were mostly ill and dying. It is estimated that 1.3 million people were deported to Auschwitz between 1940 and 1945; of these at least 1.1 million were murdered.